thermodynamics
Thermodynamics - Study of energy transformations and their relationship to system changes.
Laws:
- Energy conserved (ΔE = q + w)
- entropy increases (ΔS_universe > 0)
- S = 0 at 0 K (perfect crystal)
Key functions:
- enthalpy: H = E + PV
- gibbs_energy: G = H - TS
- Work: w = -PΔV (expansion)
Determines reaction spontaneity.
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